【正答率结算中，本次正答率为65%，积分 200】

岑越崎轻车熟路打开了商城，兑换了三次瞬时记忆。

大脑瞬时变得清明起来，深吸一口气，岑越崎拿着单词书背了起来。

他基础不好，单词向来是他最大的短板，没想到有了系统的加持，这个难题瞬间就被攻克了。

指尖快速捻动书页，巨量的单词如潮水般从书本流进他的脑海，渐渐地，岑越崎掌握了背诵的最佳节奏，一口气背了200多页。

再次扫了眼方才的试题，只觉就被打通任督二脉，原本晦涩难懂的单词一下变得清晰易懂。

岑越崎心情大好，决定趁热打铁再做一套阅读题巩固记忆。

Treasure Fever

A)Most visitors come to Cape Canaveral, on the northeast coast （海岸）of Florida, for the tourist attractions. It's home to the second-busiest（第二的） cruise ship port（邮轮港口） in the world and is a gateway to the cosmos.（宇宙 ）Nearly 1.5 million visitors flock here every year to watch rockets, spacecraft, and satellites blast off into the solar system from Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.Nearly 64 kilometers of undeveloped beach and 648 square kilometers of protected refuge（保护区） fan out from the cape's sandy shores（沙滩 ）.

B)Yet some of Cape Canaveral's most legendary（传说） attractions lie unseen, wedged under the sea's surface in mud and sand, for this part of the world has a reputation as a deadly ship trap.Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed（破碎的） and sank on this irregular stretch （延伸）of windy Florida coast.They were vessels （船舶）built for war and commerce, crossing the globe carrying everything from coins to cannons（大炮）, boxes of silver and gold, chests of jewels（珠宝） and porcelain（瓷器）, and pearls（珍珠） from the Caribbean.

C)Cape Canaveral contains one of the greatest concentrations （集中）of colonial（殖民地的） shipwrecks in the world.In recent years, advances in radar, diving（潜水 ）, detection equipment, computers, and GPS have transformed the hunt. The naked eye might see a pile of rocks, but technology can reveal the precious artifacts（古董) that lie hidden on the ocean floor.

D) As technology renders the seabed（海底） more accessible, the hunt（打捞） for treasure-filled ships has drawn a fresh tide of salvors and their investors - as well as marine archaeologists （考古学家）wanting to bring to light the lost（迷失的） relics（遗迹）. But of late, when salvors（救援人员） have found vessels（船舶）, their rights have been challenged in court.（法院）The big question: who should have control of these treasures?

E) High-stakes （高风险）fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle（恶循环） of accusations. Archaeologists regard themselves as protectors of history, and they see salvors as careless destroyers.Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered.This kind of clash （冲突）inevitably takes place on a grand scale.Aside from the salvors, their investors, and the maritime archaeologists who serve as expert witnesses, the battles sweep（席卷） in local and international governments and organizations like UNEScO that work to protect under-water heritage.

The court cases that ensue stretch（持续） on for years.Are finders keepers, or do the ships belong to the countries that made them and sent them sailing （航行）centuries ago? Where once salvors and archaeologists worked side by side（并肩）, now they belong to opposing（对立）, and equally contemptuous（轻蔑的）, tribes.

F)Nearly three million vessels lie wrecked on the Earth's ocean floor - from old canoes to the Titanic - and likely less than one percent have been explored.Some -- like an ancient Roman ship found off Antikythera, Greece, dated between 70 and 60 BC and carrying astonishingly （惊人的）sophisticated（精密的） gears（齿轮） and dials for navigating（航行 ） by the sun - are critical to a new understanding of our past.No wonder there is an eternal （永恒的）stirring（激发） among everybody from salvors to scholars（学者） to find them.

G)In May 2016, a salvor named Bobby Pritchett, president of Global Marine Exploration (GME) in Tampa, Florida, announced that he had discovered scattered（分散的） remains of a ship buried a kilometer off Cape Canaveral.Over the prior three years, he and his crew（团队） had obtained 14 state permits to survey a nearly 260-square-kilometer area off the cape; they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US $4 million.It was hard work.Crew members were up at dawn（黎明）, dragging sensors （传感器）from their expedition vessels （探险船）back and forth, day in and day out, year after year, to detect metal of any kind.

Using computer technology, Pritchett and his crew created intricate（复杂的）, color-coded maps marked with the GPS coordinates（坐标） of thousands of finds, all invisible under a meter of sand.

H) One day in 2015, the magnetometer（磁力计） picked up metal that turned out to be an iron cannon（大炮 ）; when the divers blew the sand away, they also discovered a more precious bronze （青铜）cannon with markings indicating French royalty（皇室） and, not far off, a famous marble（大理石 ） column（石柱） carved with the coat of arms of France, known from historical paintings.The discovery was cause for celebration.The artifacts indicated （表明）the divers had likely found the wreck of La Trinité, a 16th-century French vessel（船舶） that had been at the center of a bloody battle between France and Spain that changed the fate（命运 ） of the United States of America.

I)And then the legal storm began, with GME and Pritchett pitted against Florida and France.

The Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, a US federal act, protects any vessel that was on a military （军事）mission, allowing the originating country to claim their ship even centuries later.

In 2018, two long years after Pritchett's discovery, the federal district （地方）court ruled（裁决 ） in favor of France.For Pritchett, the decision was devastating.（毁灭性的）Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost.

J)But this is far from the first time a salvor has lost all rights to a discovery.In 2012, for instance, Spain won a five-year legal battle against Odyssey Marine Exploration, which had hauled （打捞）594,000 gold and silver coins from a Spanish wreck off the coast of Portugal across the Atlantic to the United States."Treasure hunters can be naive（天真）," says attorney（律师） David Concannon, who has had several maritime archaeologists as clients and represented two sides in the battles over the Titanic for 20 years."Many treasure hunters don't understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose."

K) Putting an inflated （抬高 ）price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend （超过）any price is what irritates（使恼怒） many archaeologists.For the archaeologist, everything in a wreck matters - hair, fabric, a fragment of a newspaper, rat bones - all things speak volumes.Archaeologists don't want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding.

L) George Bass is one of the pioneers of under-water archaeology, and a researcher at Texas A&M University. He has testified（作证） in court against treasure hunters, but says archaeology is not without its own serious problems.He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves instead of routinely （常规的）criticizing treasure hunters."Archaeology has a terrible reputation（名誉） for not publishing enough on its excavations and finds," he says.Gathering data, unearthing and meticulously preserving and examining finds, verifying（验证） identity and origin, piecing（修补） together the larger story, and writing and publishing a comprehensive paper or book can take decades.A bit cynically（冷笑的）, Bass describes colleagues who never published because they waited so long they became ill or died. Who is more at fault, Bass asks, the professional archaeologist who carefully excavates （发掘）a site and never publishes on it or the treasure hunter who locates a submerged wreck, salvages （打捞）part, conserves part, and publishes a book on the operation?

M) Pritchett concedes （承认 ）that his find deserves careful excavation（挖掘） and preservation."I think what I found should go in a museum," he says."But I also think I should get paid for what I found."Indeed, it's a bit of a mystery（令人费解） why governments, archaeologists, and treasure hunters can't work together - and why salvors aren't at least given a substantial finder's fee before the original owner takes possession of the vessel and its artifacts.

1.Exploration of shipwrecks on the sea floor is crucial in updating our understanding of humanity's past.

2.Quite a number of majestic（宏伟的） ships sailing from Europe to America were wrecked off the Florida coast over the cent- uries.

3.Pritchett suffered a heavy loss when a US district court ruled against him.

4.Recently, people who found treasures in shipwrecks have been sued （被起诉）over their rights to own them.

5.Pritchett claims he got support of millions of dollars from investors for his shipwreck exploration.

6.One pioneer marine scientist thinks archaeologists should make greater efforts to publish their findings.

7.With technological advancement in recent years, salvors now can detect the invaluable man-made objects lying buried under the sea.

8.According to a lawyer, many treasure hunters are susceptible（易受影响的） to loss because they are unaware they face a financially stronger opponent in court.

9.Salvors of treasures in sunken ships and marine archaeologists are now hostile（敌对） to each other.

10.Archaeologists want to see artifacts help humans understand their past instead of being sold to private collectors at an outrageous （令人吃惊的）price.

Key: F-B-I-D-G-L-C-J-E-K

Can Learning a Foreign Language Prevent Dementia?

A) You may have heard that learning another language is one method for preventing or at least postponing the onset of dementia（痴呆症）.Dementia refers to the loss of cognitive abilities, and one of its most common forms is Alzheimer's（阿尔茨海默症） disease.At this time, the causes of the disease are not well understood, and consequently, there are no proven steps that people can take to prevent it.Nonetheless（尽管如此）, some researchers have suggested that learning a foreign language might help delay the onset （发作）of dementia.

B) To explore this possibility more deeply, let's look at some of the common misconceptions （误解）about dementia and the aging brain.First of all, dementia is not an inevitable part of the normal aging process.Most older adults do not develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.It is also important to remember that dementia（痴呆） is not the same thing as normal forgetfulness.At any age, we might experience difficulty finding the exact word we want or have trouble remembering the name of the person we just met.People with dementia have more serious problems, like feeling confused or getting lost in a familiar place.Think of it this way: If you forget where you parked your car at the mall（商场）, that's normal; if you forget how to drive a car, that may be a signal that something more serious is going on.

C)The idea that dementia can be prevented is based on the comparison of the brain to a muscle.

When people talk about the brain, they sometimes say things like "It is important to exercise your brain" or "To stay mentally fit（健康）, you have to give your brain a workout.（锻炼）"Although these are colorful analogies（类比）, in reality the brain is not a muscle.Unlike muscles, the brain is always active and works even during periods of rest and sleep.In addition, although some muscle cells have a lifespan（寿命） of only a few days, brain cells last a lifetime. Not only that, but it has been shown that new brain cells are being created throughout one's lifespan.

D) While it makes for a colorful analogy, comparing the brain to a muscle is inaccurate （不准确）and misleading. So, if the brain is not a muscle, can it still be exercised? Once again, researchers don't know for sure.There are now many computer, online, and mobile device applications that claim to be able to "train your brain," and they typically tap into a variety of cognitive abilities.

However, research suggests that although this type of training may improve one's abilities at the tasks themselves, they don't seem to improve other abilities.In other words, practicing a letter-detection task will, over time, improve your letter-detection skills, but it will not necessarily enhance your other perceptual （感知的）abilities.

E) However, there is some reason to believe that learning languages might be different.The best evidence that foreign language learning confers cognitive benefits comes from research with those who are already bilingual（双语言者）.Bilingualism most commonly occurs when children are exposed to two languages, either in the home (mom speaks Dutch（荷兰语）, dad speaks Spanish) or more formally in early schooling.But bilingualism certainly occurs in adulthood as well.

F) Bilingualism and multilingualism（多语言的） are actually more common than you might think.In fact, it has been estimated that there are fewer monolingual speakers in the world than bilinguals and multilinguals.Although in many countries most inhabitants（居民） share just one language, other countries have several official langu- ages.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh.Throughout large parts of Africa, Arabic, Swahili, French, and English are often known and used by individuals who speak a different, native language in their home than they do in the marketplace（市场）. So bilingualism and multilingualism are to be found throughout the world.And with regard to cognitive abilities, the research on those who speak more than one language paints an encouraging picture.（前景）

G) For one thing, bilinguals are better at multitasking.（多任务执行）One explanation of this superiority is that speakers of two languages are continually inhibiting （抑制）one of their languages, and this process of inhibition confers general cognitive benefits to other activities.In fact, bilingual individuals outperform their monolingual counterparts on a variety of cognitive tasks, such as following complex instructions, and switching to new instructions.For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the advantages of being bilingual are not universal（普遍） across all cognitive domains.Bilingual individuals have been shown to have smaller vocabularies and to take longer in retrieving（检索） words from memory when compared to monolinguals（单语言）.In the long run, however, the cognitive and linguistic advantages of being bilingual far outweigh （更有价值）these two drawbacks. （缺点

H)If the benefits of being bilingual spill over to other aspects of cognition, then we would expect to see a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease in bilinguals than in monolinguals, or at least a later onset of Alzheimer's for bilinguals.In fact, there is evidence to support this claim.The psychologist Ellen Bialystok and her colleagues obtained the histories of 184 individuals who had made use of a memory clinic in Toronto.For those who showed signs of dementia, the monolinguals in the sample had an average age of 71.4 years at the time of onset.The bilinguals, in contrast, received their diagnosis at 75.5 years, on average.In a study of this sort（类）, a difference of four years is highly significant, and could not be explained by other systematic differences between the two groups.For example, the monolinguals reported, on average, a year and a half more schooling than their bilingual counte- rparts, so the effect was clearly not due to formal education.

I) A separate study, conducted in India, found strikingly similar results: bilingual patients developed symptoms of dementia 4.5 years later than monolinguals, even after other potential factors, such as gender and occupation, were controlled for.In addition, researchers have reported other positive effects of bilingualism for cognitive abilities in later life,even when the person acquired the language in adulthood.Crucially, Bialystok suggested that the positive benefits of being bilingual were only found in those who used both languages all the time.

J)But encouraging as these kinds of studies are, they still have not established exactly how or why differences between bilinguals and monolinguals exist.Because these studies looked back at the histories of people who were already bilingual, the results can only say that a difference between the two groups was found, but not why that difference occurred.Further research is needed to determine what caused the differences in age of onset between the two groups.

K) Other studies of successful aging suggest that being connected to one's community and having plenty of social interaction is also important in delaying or even preventing the onset （发作）of dementia.Once again, however, the results are far less clear than the popular media might lead you to believe.Older individuals who lead active social lives are, almost by definition, healthier than their counterparts who rarely leave their homes or interact with others.So we can't really say whether being socially active prevents the onset of dementia, or if people who don't have dementia are more likely to be socially active.

L)

But even if studying a foreign language is not a magical cure-all（万能药）, there is one thing it will do: It will make you a better speaker of a foreign language.Doing that confers a whole host of advantages we do know about.

1.Research indicates that brain training is likely to boost one's ability at specific tasks, but not one's other cognitive abilities.

2.According to estimates, the number of people who speak two languages or more is greater than those who speak one language only.

3.For the time being, we do not know what causes people to lose their cognitive abilities, or what we can do to prev- ent it.

4.It is hard to determine whether people who are free from dementia tend to have more social activities, or more social activities keep people away from dementia.

5.There is evidence that learning foreign languages might be beneficial to boosting one's cognitive abilities.

6.It was suggested that only those who always spoke two languages could benefit from bilingualism.

7.The brain is different from muscles in that it keeps working even when the body is at rest.

8.People who speak two languages do better at a number of cognitive tasks than those who speak only one language.

9.Dementia is different from being merely forgetful and entails more serious trouble.

10.It is claimed that more monolinguals suffer from Alzheimer's disease than bilinguals.

Key: D-F-A-K-E-I-C-G-B-H

African countries must get smarter with their agriculture

A)On the hills of central Kenya, almost lime-green（嫩绿色） with the sparkle （闪耀）of tea bushes in the sunlight, farmers know all about climate change."The rainy season is no longer predictable,（可预测）" says one."When it is supposed to rain it doesn't, then it all comes at once." Climate change is an issue that will affect everyone on the planet.For Africans its consequences will be particularly bitter: whereas other regions were able to grow rich by burning coal and oil, Africa will pay much of the human price（人力资源） without having enjoyed the benefits."Africa only represents 2% of global greenhouse-gas emissions but it is the continent （大陆）that is expected to suffer the most from climate impacts," says Mafalda Duarte, who runs the World Bank's $8bn Climate Investment Funds.

B)Although there are huge uncertainties as to the precise impacts of climate change, enough is known to say that global warming represents one of the main threats to Africa's prosperity.（繁荣）Parts of the continent are already warming much more quickly than the average: temperatures in southern Africa have increased by about twice the global rate over the past 50 years.Even if the world were to cut emissions enough to keep global warming below 1.5C, heat-waves would intensify（加剧） in Africa and diseases would spread to areas not currently affected. Farming would also be hit hard.About 40% of the land now used to grow maize （玉米）would no longer be suitable for it. Overall（总体而言）, it is estimated that maize yields would fall by 18-22%.

C) Africa is particularly vulnerable（脆弱的）, in part because it is already struggling to feed itself and it will have to vastly （极大的）increase yields and productivity if it is to put food on the plates of a fast-growing population, even without climate change.The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation reckons that by 2050 global food production would have to rise by about 70% over its level of 2009 to meet demand from a population that is growing in numbers and appetite.Much of this new demand will be in Africa.Yet the continent already imports about $50bn-worth of food a year and that figure is expected to more than double over the next five years.Self-sufficiency is not Africa's goal, but the fact that it spends more money importing food than it does buying capital goods suggests it has room for improvement.

D) Finding out why is not hard.Most farms are tiny, ploughed （耕地）by hand and reliant on rain.More than half of Africa's people make their living from farming.Although its total harvest has climbed over the past few decades, this is mainly because there are more people farming more land.But in many places there is no spare land to farm.Plots（小块土地） in Rwanda are so small that you could fit 250 of them onto the average American farm.And although output per worker has improved by more than half over the past 30 years in Africa, that is still far behind the 2.5 times improvement in Asia.Yields of maize （玉米）are generally less than two tonnes per hectare, a fifth the level in America.

E) The low productivity of African farmers is reflected in national economic statistics -despite absorbing so much labour, farming generates just 15% of GDP."They can't even feed their families," says Jennifer Blanke, a vice-president of the African Development Bank in charge of agriculture."Farm productivity hasn't improved in many parts of Africa for 100 years."

F) One reason is that in the first few decades of independence, many African governments neglected（忽略） farming as they focused on industrialising their economies.Others damaged it by pushing down the prices that state monopolies（垄断） paid for their crops in order to subsidise （补贴）workers in cities with cheap food.Ghana taxed cocoa exports（出口） so heavily that production collapsed by half between the 1960s and 1980s, despite a jump in the global price of cocoa.Yet over the past two decades or so governments and donors have begun to look again at farming as a way of providing jobs for the 13 million young people entering the workforce （劳动力）each year.Much of the focus has been on getting small farmers to use fertiliser（肥料） and, more important, better seeds. The results can be impressive.Improved varieties of sorghum,（高粱） for instance, can produce a crop that is 40% larger than the usual variety.Infrastructure（基础设施） is important.A World Bank irrigation （灌溉）project in Ethiopia helped farmers increase their potato harvest from about 8 tonnes per hectare（公顷） to 35 tonnes.

G) Better techniques help, too.Small coffee farmers in Kenya are able to increase their incomes by 40% by following a few simple guideline（指导方针）s on caring for their bushes（茎）, such as trimming （整理）all but three of their stems.Many of their neighbours do not follow the advice, because it seems counter-intuitive（反直觉的）. More stems ought to （应该)lead to more coffee beans, they say.Yet after seeing those following the advice get bigger harvests for a season or two, many others start doing the same.

H) One way of spreading knowledge is to link farms to big buyers of their harvests.When Diageo, a British drinks giant, built a brewery（啤酒厂） in western Kenya, it wanted to use local crops to make a beer cheap enough to compete with illicit home brew.It organised farmers into groups, improved supply chains for them to get seeds and fertiliser （肥料）and then agreed to buy their grain.It now provides a market to about 17,000 farmers.Across the region it has doubled its use of local raw material to about 80% over five years. John O'Keeffe, who runs its Africa business.

I)An even more important change is the move from traditional farming to building businesses that can profitably （有利的）bring technology and investment to small farms.Taita Ngetich, a young Kenyan, was studying engineering when he wanted to earn a little money on the side. He scraped （募集）together 20,000 Kenyan shillings (about $200) to plant tomatoes.Everything went wrong.The crop was attacked by pests."Then there was a massive flood that swallowed（吞噬） all our capital（资金）," he says.Mr Ngetich persevered （坚持）by looking into buying a greenhouse to protect his plants from bugs and rain.The cheapest ones cost more than $2,500 each, so he designed his own for half the price.Soon neighbouring farmers started placing orders with him, and now his firm, Illuminum Greenhouses, has sold more than 1,400 greenhouses that provide livelihoods to about 6,000 people.The business does not stop there; he also supplies fertiliser, high-quality seedlings and smart sensors that increase yields.

J) Illuminum's success shows how technology can help even small farms become more productive.Because such a large share of Africa's population earns a living from agriculture, even small improvements in productivity can lift the incomes of millions of people.But over the longer run small-scale farming can go only so far, especially in the face of climate change and popula- tion pressure.

K)"If we really want to lift people out of poverty （贫困）we have to finance projects that will get them an income of at least$100 a month so that they can pay for health care and education," says Mr Ngetich."Projects that give them an extra $2 a month from growing beans or maize （玉米）aren't going to get them there." Getting those big jumps will need better jobs in factories and cities.

1.It is said that agricultural productivity in many African countries has remained low for a century.

2.Building connections between farms and major purchasers of their produce can promote African farmers' use of advanced farming techniques.

3.Parts of Africa are getting warmer much faster than the average, with southern Africa witnessing roughly twice the global warming rate over the last half century.

4.Improved farming practices have enabled Kenyan farmers to increase farm produce remarkably.

5.Africa is especially susceptible to the effects of global warming partly because it has difficulty feeding its increasi- ng population even without climate change.

6.The use of fertiliser and improved seeds can help Africa's small farmers impressively increase crop yields.

7.It has proved even more important to shift from traditional farming to setting up businesses that can bring techn-ology and investment to small farmers in Africa.

8.Everyone in the world will have to bear the consequences of climate change, especially Africans.

9.Improvement in farm output per worker in Africa falls far short of that in Asia.

10.In the long term, the potential for small farms in Africa to increase productivity is quite limited, especially owing to the warming climate and a growing population.

Key: E-H-B-G-C-F-I-A-D-J